Southern Quintana Roo Fights Invasive Pez Diablo Threat

Quintana Roo, Mexico — Authorities, researchers, and local communities have launched coordinated efforts to curb the spread of the invasive suckermouth catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus), commonly known as the "pez diablo" or "devil fish," in southern Quintana Roo. The initiative includes capture brigades, genetic analysis, and public awareness campaigns to prevent irreversible ecological damage to biodiversity, fishing, and tourism.

A Growing Threat to Aquatic Ecosystems

The Institute of Biodiversity and Protected Natural Areas of Quintana Roo (Ibanqroo) has established a special commission to address the escalating presence of the invasive species. Miguel Mateo Sabido Itzá, head of the Protected Natural Areas Department in the southern zone, stated that the commission formalizes collaborative actions among institutions, researchers, and civil society.

"This is not a recent problem, but its impact on the ecosystem is becoming increasingly evident, especially after the first recorded sighting in Bacalar Lagoon in 2025," Sabido Itzá said.

First detected in Quintana Roo in 2013 along the Río Hondo in Othón P. Blanco, the pez diablo has since spread rapidly. Recent sightings have been reported in Chetumal Bay, Calderitas, Laguna Guerrero, and the lagoon systems of Buenavista and Pedro Antonio de los Santos in Bacalar. Reports also indicate its presence in lagoons near Felipe Carrillo Puerto, signaling a concerning expansion.

Ecological and Economic Consequences

Jacobo Schmitter Soto, a researcher at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (Ecosur), warned that the species disrupts natural ecosystems by burrowing tunnels that erode riverbanks, stirring up sediment, and altering water quality. Additionally, it displaces native species and threatens the eggs and juveniles of local fish populations.

"If left unchecked, we could face a scenario similar to Tabasco and Campeche, where the pez diablo accounts for up to 90% of fish catches," Schmitter Soto cautioned.

Capture Brigades and Genetic Analysis

Seven capture brigades have been deployed in Bacalar Lagoon, conducting nighttime dives in critical areas such as Cenote Cocalitos and Buenavista. So far, researchers have captured over 15 specimens for genetic analysis to trace the origin of the invasion. In some cases, like in the community of Ramonal, 300 specimens were caught within 48 hours.

Community Involvement and Awareness

Authorities have held informational meetings with hoteliers, nautical operators, and fishing cooperatives, alongside awareness campaigns supported by private initiatives.

"It is essential to involve the community because this species poses not only an environmental risk but also an economic threat to those who depend on tourism and fishing," Sabido Itzá emphasized.

Ibanqroo is collaborating with Ecosur, the University of Quintana Roo (Uqroo), municipal authorities, the Port Captaincy, the National Water Commission (Conagua), and private stakeholders to strengthen surveillance and prevent further spread.

Experts warn that without immediate action, the pez diablo could become an entrenched plague in southern Quintana Roo, jeopardizing biodiversity, food security, and the livelihoods of thousands of families.